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| 【科普(pu)】地下(xia)水(shui)污染(ran)，你(ni)了解多少？ |
| 發表時間：2022-12-28 13:46:07 作者(zhe)：admin |
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地下水，這個隱藏在(zai)我(wo)們腳下的(de)寶藏，約占地球(qiu)液態淡水總量(liang)的(de)99%。由(you)于(yu)地下水聚集在(zai)我(wo)們腳下的(de)巖石、土壤中，看不見(jian)、摸(mo)不著，我(wo)們常常忽視這一重要的(de)資源。
地下水的(de)形成過程(cheng)到底(di)是怎樣(yang)的(de)？它又為何如(ru)此重(zhong)要？地下水監測工作是如(ru)何開(kai)展的(de)？這就帶你(ni)一探究(jiu)竟(jing)！
什么是地下水
地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)，是指賦存于地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)巖石空(kong)隙中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)，狹義上是指地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)水(shui)面(mian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)飽和含水(shui)層(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)。在(zai)國家標準《水(shui)文地(di)(di)(di)質術(shu)語》中(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)是指埋(mai)藏在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)各(ge)種形式的(de)(de)重力水(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)可簡(jian)單分(fen)為淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)和深層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)，目前地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)主要取自深層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)。
什(shen)么是地(di)下(xia)水(shui)環境監(jian)測井
地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)是為準(zhun)確把握地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)質量狀況和地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中污染物的(de)動(dong)態分(fen)布(bu)變化情況而(er)設立的(de)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)通(tong)常包含井(jing)(jing)(jing)口(kou)保護裝置、井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)、封隔止水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)、濾(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、圍填(tian)濾(lv)料(liao)、沉淀管(guan)(guan)(guan)和井(jing)(jing)(jing)底等組成部分(fen)。按設立目的(de)可分(fen)為簡易監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)和標準(zhun)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)；按井(jing)(jing)(jing)結構(gou)可分(fen)為單管(guan)(guan)(guan)單層(ceng)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、單管(guan)(guan)(guan)多層(ceng)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、巢(chao)式監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)和叢式監(jian)測(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)(jing)等。
簡(jian)易監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)是(shi)為了(le)進(jin)行臨時性(xing)調查，初步(bu)確定污染范圍和污染物種類所設立的(de)臨時性(xing)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)。標(biao)準環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)是(shi)為了(le)連(lian)續(xu)、長(chang)(chang)期對有代表性(xing)的(de)地(di)下水點(dian)位進(jin)行水質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所設立的(de)長(chang)(chang)期性(xing)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)。單管(guan)單層(ceng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)指(zhi)在一個(ge)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)內安裝單根井(jing)(jing)管(guan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)單一目標(biao)含(han)水層(ceng)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)。單管(guan)多(duo)層(ceng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)指(zhi)在一個(ge)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)內安裝單根井(jing)(jing)管(guan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)深度的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)及兩(liang)個(ge)以上目標(biao)含(han)水層(ceng)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)。巢式監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)指(zhi)在一個(ge)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)中安裝多(duo)根不同(tong)(tong)(tong)長(chang)(chang)度井(jing)(jing)管(guan)分(fen)別(bie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)深度的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)及兩(liang)個(ge)以上目標(biao)含(han)水層(ceng)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)。叢式監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)指(zhi)在一個(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(場地(di)、區域)附近分(fen)別(bie)鉆(zhan)多(duo)個(ge)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)深度的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)，每個(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)(jing)分(fen)別(bie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)深度的(de)目標(biao)含(han)水層(ceng)。
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